structures of the canine eye and their diseases

Structures of the Canine Eye and Their Diseases

	Cartilage of Nictitating Membrane Cilia Ciliary Body Choroid Cloquet's Canal Cornea Glands Nictitans Lacrimal Puncta Iridocorneal Angle Iris Lens Meibomian Gland Optic Nerve Persistent Hyaloid Retina Sclera Tapetum Lucidum Vitreous Body Zonular Fibers
	EVERTED CARTILAGE OF THE THIRD EYELID (4 month old doberman pinscher) The bulbar surface of the nictitans is shown in this photograph. The normal free margin of the everted nictitans is present at the white arrow. The affected cartilage can be seen between the black arrows.
	ECTOPTIC CILIA (1 year old golden retriever) A superficial corneal ulcer located about 3mm from the superior limbus was the cause of the acute onset of blepharospasms. With the use of topical anesthetic, the ectopic cilia (black arrow) can be seen penetrating the palpebral conjunctiva. Once removed, the ulcer healed quickly.
	IRIDOCILIARY ADENOMA (6 year old Boston Terrier) The owners had noticed a rapidly progressing mass in the left eye. The pink vascularized mass can easily be seen in the inferior and nasal anterior chamber. Extension of this mass posterior surrounding the lens can be visualized at the white arrow.
	CHOROIDAL MELANOMA/RETINAL DETACHMENT (9 year old Australian Shepherd) First seen one year prior to this photograph at a screening clinic, the pigmented mass and perilesional retinal detachment have progressed (black arrows). The dog showed no subjective signs of pain or visual impairment. The owner refused enucleation.
	PERSISTENT HYALOID ARTERY (4 month old golden retriever) Seen at a screening clinic, this dog was showing no clinical signs. The black arrow shows the attachment of the hyaloid remnant to the posterior lens capsule at Mittendorf's Dot. The hazy strands (white arrow) is the hyaloid remnant which contains blood and passes through Cloquet's canal.
	PUNCTATE ULCERATIVE KERATITIS (4 year old Shetland Sheepdog) This dog was presented due to acute ocular pain manifested by blepharospasms,increased lacrimation and conjunctival hyperemia. Both corneas were similarly affected with multiple punctate opacities, some forming craters and others with central fluorescein stain retention (white arrows).
	PROLAPSED GLAND OF THE THIRD EYELID (3 month old cocker spaniel) The hyperemic, swollen nictitan glands are obvious in this young cocker spaniel. The red, rounded appearance led to the term 'cherry eye'.
	IMPERFORATE NASOLACRIMAL PUNCTUM (1 year old cocker spaniel) Chronic conjunctivitis had been incorrectly attributed to distichiasis. The cream colored elevation (black arrow) represents the site of the inferior puncta covered by conjunctiva. This was a bilateral and congenital disease.
	PIGMENTARY GLAUCOMA The scleral pigment, best seen temporal, is found in all affected individual in this bilateral disease. The dark iris is not visible due to the dilated pupil. Pigment can be seen on the anterior lens capsule (black arrows). The pigment and scar on the axial cornea is due to exposure keratitis secondary to buphthalmia. Intraocular pressure at this time was 22mmHg.
	IDIOPATHIC UVEITIS (1.5 year old shepherd/husky mix breed) This dog was presented blind due to the associated serous retinal detachment. In addition to the conjunctival hyperemia, both irises had severe swelling and vascular engorgement. The pupil margin is irregular due posterior synechia and pigment deposits are present on the anterior lens capsule. A +3 aqueous flare was present.
	IMMATURE CATARACT/POSTERIOR LENTICONUS (1 year old golden retriever) Presented for a routine clearance exam, this dog was bilaterally affected. Water clefts can be seen in the equatorial cortex at the pupil margin (white arrow). The irregular circle seen by retroillumination (black arrow) represents the portion of the capsule and cortex protruding into the vitreous.
	MEIBOMIANITIS/FACIAL PYODERMA (4 month old pug) The meibomianitis was the prominant feature in this facial pyoderma. Oral antibiotics alone had not been effective in treating this case. Complete resolution resulted when oral corticosteroids were added to the treatment regime.
	OPTIC NEURITIS/RETINITIS (5 year old Chihuahua) This dog was presented due to acute blindness. Both fundi were similarly affected. The photograph through a 28 diopter lens shows a severly swollen optic nerve with indistinct margins and no visible physiological cup. The retinal vessels are dilated. The coloration of the fundus is normal but linear areas of edema (white arrow) are visible in the outer layers of the retina. Vision returned with medication in this idiopathic condition.
	PERSISTENT HYPERPLASTIC PRIMARY VITREOUS (PHPV)/PERSISTENT HYPERPLASTIC TUNICA VASCULOSA LENTIS (PHTVL) (4 year month old doberman pinscher) Presented for decreased vision, the pupil in this puppy has been pharmacologically dilated. The large axial vascular area is surrounded by a retrolental fibrovascular plaque. Opacity of the posterior lens capsule and cortex is also present. This was a bilateral disease.
	SEROUS RETINAL DETACHMENT (4 year old German Shepherd) Acute blindness had been present 24 hours prior to presentation. A mild conjunctival hyperemia and aqueous flare were present in both eyes. Both pupils were dilated and each had a poor PLR. This photograph through a 28 diopter lens shows a swollen optic disc and dilated retinal vessels that go in and out of focus. The retina is elevated due to subretinal fluid. Vision returned following treatment of this presumed immune mediated disease.
	NODULAR EPISCLERITIS (5 year old cocker spaniel) This individual had a history of recurring conjunctivitis. This preceeded the elevated scleral mass temporal (black arrow) and corneal edema. This is a common unilateral or bilateral disease in this breed.
	TAPETAL DEGENERATION/CHOROIDAL DEPIGMENTATION (3.5 year old canine mixed breed) About 2.5 years prior to this photograph, this dog was presented acutely blind due to bilateral serous retinal detachments. Following treatment, vision returned but the fundus illustrates a severe depigmentation of the choroid and retina. The previously visualized tapetum is no longer detectable. This phenomenon is common in serous retinal detachments and VKH-like lesions.
	VITREOUS DEGENERATION (5.5 year old Italian Greyhound) This dog was showing no clinical signs of occular disease but was examined at an eye screening clinic. Strands and focal precipitates can be seen against the tapetal reflex in the degenerating, fluid vitreous.
	ZONULAR FIBER DEGENERATION (5 year old Jack Russell Terrier) In the opposite eye, the lens was totally luxated into the anterior chamber. Zonular fibers can be seen at the pupil margin (white arrow) in this eye. When dilated, an aphakic crescent could be seen nasally.

The above information is simply informational. It's intent is not to replace the advice of a veterinarian nor to assist you in making a diagnosis of your pet. Please consult with your own veterinarian for confirmation of any diagnosis. Your pets life may depend on it.