|
INBREEDING AND DIVERSITYFred Lanting |
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| Figure 1. A Simple
Pedigree |
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| Sire |
Tom |
|
| Bob |
Jack |
Not applicable |
| Dam |
Not applicable |
|
| Annie |
Not applicable |
|
| Table 1. Some Common
Coefficients of Relationship |
|
| Relationship |
RXY |
| Parent offspring |
0.5 |
| Full sibs (siblings)* |
0.5 |
| Half sibs* |
0.25 |
| Grandparent-grandchild |
0.25 |
| Great grandparent-grandchild |
0.125 |
| *(Full sibs share both parents;
half sibs share only a single parent.) |
|
| Figure 2. A pedigree
demonstrating inbreeding |
||
Sire |
Sire: Edmund |
|
| Horatio |
Vincent |
Dam: Emma |
Dam |
Sire: Not applicable |
|
| Emma |
Dam: Not applicable |
|
| Inbred |
AABbcc |
| Non-inbred |
AaBcCc |
| Mating |
FX |
| Parent offspring |
0.25 |
| Full sibs (siblings) |
0.25 |
| Half sibs |
0.125 |
| Grandparent-grandchild |
0.125 |
| Figure 3. A Mating
Between Bob and Victoria |
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| Sire : Tom |
|||
Sire: |
Sire: Jack |
Dam : N/A |
|
| Bob |
Dam: annie |
Sire : N/A |
|
| Litter or Dog’s name |
Dam : N/A |
||
| (“X”) here |
Sire:Vincent |
Sire : Edmund |
|
| Dam: |
Dam: Emma |
||
| Victoria |
Dam: Emma |
Sire : N/A |
|
| Dam : N/A |
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| Table 3 a. |
|||||||||
| Edmund |
Emma |
Tom |
Annie |
Tom /N/A Jack |
Edm/Emma Vincent |
Jack/Anna Bob |
Vin/Emma Victoria |
Bob/ Vic X |
|
| Edmund |
|||||||||
| Table 3 b. |
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| Edmund |
Emma |
Tom |
Annie |
Tom /N/A Jack |
Edm/Emma Vincent |
Jack/Anna Bob |
Vin/Emma Victoria |
Bob/ Vic X |
|
| Edmund |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1/2 |
0 |
1/4 |
1/8 |
| Emma – Tom = 0 |
Emma – X = 0/2 + 3/8 |
Emma – Bob = 0/2 + 0/2 = 0 |
Emma – Annie = 0 |
| Emma – Vin = 0/2 + ½ |
Emma – Jack = 0/2 = 0 |
Emma – Vic = ½ +
¼ |
|
Table
3 c
|
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| Edmund |
Emma | Tom |
Annie |
Tom Jack |
Edmund/Emma Vincent |
Jack/Annie Bob |
Vincent/Emma Victoria |
Bob/Victoria X |
|
| Edmund |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1/2 |
0 |
1/4 |
1/8 |
| Emma |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1/2 |
0 |
3/4 |
3/8 |
| Table 3 d. |
|||||||||
| Edmund |
Emma |
Tom |
Annie |
Tom/N/A
Jack
|
Edmund/Emma Vincent
|
Jack/Annie Bob
|
Vincent/Emma Victoria
|
Bob/Victoria X
|
|
| Edmund |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1/2 |
0 |
1/4 |
1/8 |
| Emma |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1/2 |
0 |
3/4 |
3/8 |
| Tom |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1/2 |
0 |
1/4 |
0 |
1/8 |
| Annie |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 | 1 |
0 |
1/2 |
0 |
1/4 |
| Jack |
0 |
0 |
1/2 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1/2 |
0 |
1/4 |
| Vincent |
1/2 |
1/2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
3/4 |
3/8 |
| Bob |
0 |
0 |
1/4 |
1/2 |
1/2 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1/2 |
| Victoria |
1/4 |
3/4 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3/4 |
0 |
1 1/4 |
5/8 |
| Table 3 e. |
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| Edmund |
Emma |
Tom |
Annie |
Tom/N/A
Jack
|
Edmund/Emma Vincent
|
Jack/Annie Bob
|
Vincent/Emma Victoria
|
Bob/Victoria X
|
|
| Edmund |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1/2 |
0 |
1/4 |
1/8 |
| Emma |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1/2 |
0 |
3/4 |
3/8 |
| Tom |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1/2 |
0 |
1/4 |
0 |
1/8 |
| Annie |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 | 1 |
0 |
1/2 |
0 |
1/4 |
| Jack |
0 |
0 |
1/2 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1/2 |
0 |
1/4 |
| Vincent |
1/2 |
1/2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
3/4 |
3/8 |
| Bob |
0 |
0 |
1/4 |
1/2 |
1/2 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1/2 |
| Victoria |
1/4 |
3/4 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3/4 |
0 |
1 1/4 |
5/8 |
| X |
1/8 |
3/8 |
1/8 |
1/4 |
1/4 |
1/8 |
1/2 |
3/8 |
1 |
|
Figure
4. A Mating Between Bill and Victoria
|
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| Sire : Tom |
|||
Sire: |
Sire: Jack |
Dam : N/A |
|
| Bill |
Dam: Lisa |
Sire : Tom |
|
| Litter or Dog’s name |
Dam : N/A |
||
| (“Y”) here |
Sire:Vincent |
Sire : Edmund |
|
| Dam: |
Dam: Emma |
||
| Victoria |
Dam: Emma |
Sire : N/A |
|
| Dam : N/A |
|||
| Table 4 |
|||||||||
| Edmund |
Emma |
Tom |
Annie |
Tom/N/A
Jack
|
Edmund/Emma Vincent
|
Jack/Annie Bob
|
Vincent/Emma Victoria
|
Bob/Victoria X
|
|
| Edmund |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1/2 |
0 |
1/4 |
1/8 |
| Emma |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1/2 |
0 |
3/4 |
3/8 |
| Tom |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1/2 |
0 |
1/4 |
0 |
1/8 |
| Annie |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 | 1 |
0 |
1/2 |
0 |
1/4 |
| Jack |
0 |
0 |
1/2 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1/2 |
0 |
1/4 |
| Vincent |
1/2 |
1/2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
3/4 |
3/8 |
| Bob |
0 |
0 |
1/4 |
1/2 |
1/2 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1/2 |
| Victoria |
1/4 |
3/4 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3/4 |
0 |
1 1/4 |
5/8 |
| Y |
1/8 |
3/8 |
1/4 |
5/16 |
5/16 |
3/8 |
9/16 |
5/8 |
1 |
Z Offspring linebred on Emma |
Z's Dam: Emma (rest of Emma's pedigree not applicable |
| Edmund |
Emma |
Tom |
Annie |
Tom/N/A
Jack
|
Edm/Emma Vincent
|
Jack/Ann Bob
|
Vinc/Emma Victoria
|
Bob/Vict X
|
Y/Emma |
|
| Edmund |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1/2 |
0 |
1/4 |
1/8 |
1/16 |
| Emma |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1/2 |
0 |
3/4 |
3/8 |
11/16 |
| Tom |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1/2 |
0 |
1/4 |
0 |
1/8 |
1/8 |
| Annie |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 | 1 |
0 |
1/2 |
0 |
1/4 |
5/32 |
| Jack |
0 |
0 |
1/2 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1/2 |
0 |
1/4 |
5/32 |
| Vincent |
1/2 |
1/2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
3/4 |
3/8 |
7/16 |
| Bob |
0 |
0 |
1/4 |
1/2 |
1/2 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1/2 |
9/32 |
| Victoria |
1/4 |
3/4 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3/4 |
0 |
1 1/4 |
5/8 |
11/16 |
| Y |
1/8 |
3/8 |
1/4 |
5/16 |
5/16 |
3/8 |
9/16 |
5/8 |
1 | 11/16 |
| Z |
1/16 |
11/16 |
1/8 |
5/32 |
5/32 |
7/16 |
9/32 |
11/16 |
11/16 |
1+3/16 |
| Figure 6. Seven
Generations From an Outcrossing Event |
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| #'s refer to |
Outcross |
||||||
| generations |
1--{ |
||||||
| from the |
2--{ |
Pure |
|||||
| outcross |
3--{ |
Pure |
|||||
| "event" |
4--{ |
Pure |
|||||
| 5--{ |
Pure |
||||||
| 6--{ |
Pure |
These |
"Pure Dogs" |
||||
| 7--{ |
Pure |
are |
different individuals | ||||
| Pure |
|||||||
| Outcross |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
|
| Outcross |
1 |
1/2 |
1/4 |
1/8 |
1/16 |
1/32 |
1/64 |
1/128 |
| 1 |
1/2 |
1 |
1/2 |
1/4 |
1/8 |
1/16 |
1/32 |
1/64 |
| 2 |
1/4 |
1/2 |
1 |
1/2 |
1/4 |
1/8 |
1/16 |
1/32 |
| 3 |
1/8 |
1/4 |
1/2 |
1 |
1/2 |
1/4 |
1/8 |
1/16 |
| 4 |
1/16 |
1/8 |
1/4 |
1/2 |
1 |
1/2 |
1/4 |
1/8 |
| 5 |
1/32 |
1/16 |
1/8 |
1/4 |
1/2 |
1 |
1/2 |
1/4 |
| 6 |
1/64 |
1/32 |
1/16 |
1/8 |
1/4 |
1/2 |
1 |
1/2 |
| 7 |
1/128 |
1/64 |
1/32 |
1/16 |
1/8 |
1/4 |
1/2 |
1 |
| 1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
|
| 1 |
0.5 |
0.375 |
0.3125 |
0.2813 |
0.2656 |
0.2578 |
0.2539 |
| 2 |
0.375 |
0.25 |
0.1875 |
0.1563 |
0.1406 |
0.1328 |
0.1289 |
| 3 |
0.3125 |
0.1875 |
0.125 |
0.938 |
0.0781 |
0.0703 |
0.0664 |
| 4 |
0.2813 |
0.1563 |
0.0938 |
0.0625 |
0.0459 |
0.0391 |
0.0352 |
| 5 |
0.2656 |
0.1406 |
0.0781 |
0.0469 |
0.0313 |
0.0234 |
0.0195 |
| 6 |
0.2578 |
0.1328 |
0.0703 |
0.0391 |
0.0234 |
0.0156 |
0.0117 |
| 7 |
0.2539 |
0.1289 |
0.0664 |
0.0352 |
0.0195 |
0.0117 |
0.0078 |
| 1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
| 2 |
0.2500 |
0.1875 |
0.1563 |
0.1406 |
0.1328 |
0.1289 |
| 3 |
0.1875 |
0.1250 |
0.0938 |
0.0781 |
0.0703 |
0.0664 |
| 4 |
0.1563 |
0.0938 |
0.0625 |
0.0469 |
0.0391 |
0.0352 |
| 5 |
0.1406 |
0.0781 |
0.0469 |
0.0313 |
0.0234 |
0.0195 |
| 6 |
0.1328 |
0.0703 |
0.0391 |
0.0234 |
0.0156 |
0.0117 |
| 7 |
0.1289 |
0.0664 | 0.0352 |
0.0195 |
0.0117 |
0.0078 |
| Copyright
Fred Lanting, All rights reserved, but reprinting allowed after
permission. Please read his other articles on http://siriusdog.com/sphider/search.php?query=lanting&search=1
, for example, or e-mail him at: Mr.GSD@netscape.com
or Mr.GSD@Juno.com for specific
articles. Editor’s Note: A well-respected and frequent GSD specialty and all-breed judge for many clubs around the world, with KC and other-country credentials, Mr. Lanting since 1966 has lectured on Gait-and-Structure, Canine Orthopedic Disorders, and other topics, and has judged in about 30 countries. He has been described by a former OFA director as the world’s leading non-veterinarian authority on hip dysplasia. He has lectured at numerous veterinary schools in the USA and abroad, and is the author of the following “must read” books for the dog owner (E-mail for curriculum vitae). “Canine HD and Other Orthopedics Disorders” : This expanded revision is a comprehensive (nearly 600-page), amply illustrated, annotated, monumental work that is suitable as a coffee-table book, a reference work for breeders and veterinarians, and a study adjunct for veterinary students. It is equally valuable for the owner of any breed. It covers every aspect of HD and other orthopedic, bone, or spinal disorders, and includes genetics, diagnostic methods, treatment options, and the role of environment. Your autographed copy will be mailed from the USA as soon as the appropriate amount is received and is processed. Pricing: US $68 in the U.S., or ask about mail overseas. Combine orders with “The Total German Shepherd Dog” by the same author ($50 plus $4 postage). 17 of the 20 chapters are suitable for owners of any breed. Order both at once direct from the author, and the postage will be waived. |
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