chloelogoa

Canine Sarcoptic Mites and Mange

talalogoa

Sarcoptic Mites and Mange

http://www.thepetcenter.com

SARCOPTIC MITES and DEMODEX MITES are often referred to as MANGE.  The word mangy describes a ragged and mites3 uneven hair coat and damaged skin that results from mites affecting the skin and hair follicles. Mange is responsible for many annoying and persistent problems in veterinary dermatology.  Demodex mites in general are less troublesome than Sarcoptic mites, cause less itching and self-mutilation, and are not seen in adult dogs as often as Sarcoptic mites.  The mite known as SCABIES,  SARCOPTIC MITES or  SARCOPTIC MANGE are highly communicable little bugs that actually dig tiny tunnels into the skin where they cause intense itching, inflammation and hair loss.   Many, many cases of skin itching (called “pruritus”) in dogs and cats have been diagnosed by veterinarians as “Allergic Dermatitis” when in fact the pet had sarcoptic mites.  (See the article called ITCH AND SCRATCH).  The difficulty lies in the fact that Sarcoptic Mite infestation really does look like an allergic dermatitis because the skin is reacting to an irritant... just like an allergy!  The intense itching results in self trauma, hair loss, and dry crusty skin lesions.  In some cases the dog or cat can lose large areas of fur and literally be covered with crusts and scabs.  Scabies mites can affect humans, as well.  A swift diagnosis of sarcoptic mites is vital to the pet’s health and the well being of the pet’s owner.  Generally, in healthy humans who are not immune suppressed, the Scabies Mites do not reproduce very readily and may simply “go away” without medical treatment.  If you are in doubt about human cases of Scabies, consult your physician.

A SIMPLE WAY TO PRESUME THE DIAGNOSIS OF SCABIES IN DOGS
In over 95% of dogs with Sarcoptic Mite infestation (Scabies) a simple test can suggest that these mites are present.  It is called the Pedal-Pinna Reflex Test.  Since almost all dogs with Scabies mites will have mites along the ear flap (called the Pinna)  margins,  as displayed in some of the photos below, the dog will reflexively use a back leg in a scratching motion if the Pinna is scratched gently by a person testing this reflex.  Simply take the Pinna between your thumb and forefinger and vigorously scratch the surface of the underside of the Pinna with the forefinger.  Dogs with no mites seldom work the back leg in a scratching motion.  Dogs with sarcoptic mites almost always will demonstrate an involuntary scratching motion with the back leg while you are scratching the Pinna.
ThePetCheckup™
Find out about this unique in-home health test kit for dogs and cats that may revolutionize pet health care awareness!

A further unfortunate happenstance with the misdiagnosis is that far too often veterinarians will quickly reach for the cortisone,  for example Prednisone, as a way of combating the effects of the “Allergic Dermatitis”.  The cortisone is not a cure... it simply lessens the itching and scratching and the dog or cat feels more comfortable.  The danger here is that IF the pet really has scabies mites and NOT an allergic dermatitis, the mites welcome the cortisone with  open arms... er, ah... I mean legs!  And they have eight of ‘em! The cortisone allows the sarcoptic mites to reproduce more rapidly and decreases the dog or cat’s ability to defend against the mites.  The mites have a reproductive festival after cortisone products are administered.  
mites5small
mites4small
And here’s another problem... sarcoptic mites are very elusive.  Ordinarily, skin scrapings are utilized to pick up mites from the skin, a few drops of  solution is applied to the scraping and the substance is examined under the microscope for the presence of mites.  Cheyletiella are easy to find, Demodex are easy to find, ear mites are easy to find... scabies mites seldom are found.  Take as many scrapings as you like, even go deep into the skin, and the odds are that you still will not find the scabies mites.  This has led many an unwary veterinarian down the road to misdiagnosis.  After all, if no mites are found on this itchy, inflamed pet with hair loss and skin sores, it must be an allergic dermatitis, right?

Some veterinary schools who accept referrals to their dermatology specialists will not accept a pet for allergy testing until a trial treatment of Ivermectin medication is used first.  Then, if the pet is still itching and scratching after a few weeks trial period, they will consider examination the dog or cat for allergy testing and treatment.  That’s how common it is for Sarcoptic mites to be mistaken for Allergic Dermatitis... the specialists want mites to be ruled out first before they begin allergy testing.  There is a new product, described below, available to your veterinarian from Pfizer Animal Health that may be an excellent medication for the treatment of Sarcoptic Mites.


mites8 What is Ivermectin?   
NOTE: Some veterinarians believe that Ivermectin should NOT be used in Collies, Shelties and other herding breeds.  Thoroughly discuss the use of Ivermectin in herding breeds with the veterinarian before using this product in these breeds and consider alternate therapies if there is any uncertainty regarding the safety issue.

This amazing chemical has been used for years as a large animal (farm animal) dewormer.  It is also the active ingredient in the famous Heartworm preventative called Heartgard.  Scientists and practitioners found out that if used IN THE CORRECT DOSE, Ivermectin, either injected or given orally, can kill sarcoptic mites!  This is a fabulous discovery since dogs no longer have to endure chemical dips and sprays to eliminate scabies mites.  The Ivermectin, IN THE CORRECT DOSE, can successfully treat dogs for sarcoptic mites.

Now... here’s the downside:   Some dogs have a genetically determined sensitivity to Ivermectin!



FROM THE WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY VETERINARY SCHOOL website: It is well known that Collies and related breeds can have adverse reactions to drugs such as ivermectin, loperamide (Imodium®), and others. It was previously unknown why some individual dogs were sensitive and others were not. Advances in molecular biology at the Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory at Washington State University's College of Veterinary Medicine have led to the discovery of the cause of multi-drug sensitivity in affected dogs. The problem is due to a mutation in the multi-drug resistance gene (MDR1). This gene encodes a protein, P-glycoprotein, that is responsible for pumping many drugs and other toxins out of the brain. Dogs with the mutant gene can not pump some drugs out of the brain as a normal dog would, which may result in abnormal neurologic signs. The result may be an illness requiring an extended hospital stay--or even death.

A test has recently been developed at Washington State University to screen for the presence of the mutant gene*. Instead of avoiding drugs such as ivermectin in known susceptible breeds, veterinarians can now determine if a dog is normal, in which case the drug can be administered or abnormal, in which case an alternative treatment can be given.  Owners and breeders can submit samples for testing. All that is needed for the test is a cheek brush sample that can be obtained by the owner and sent by mail for analysis.

Affected Breeds
Approximately 3 of every 4 Collies in the United States have the mutant MDR1 gene. The frequency is about the same in France and Australia, so it is likely that most Collies worldwide have the mutation. The MDR1 mutation has also been found in Shetland Sheepdogs (Shelties). Australian Shepherds, Old English Sheepdogs, German Shepherds, Long-haired Whippets, Silken Windhounds, and a variety of mixed breed dogs.


The only way to know if an individual dog has the mutant MDR1 gene is to have the dog tested. As more dogs are tested, more breeds will probably be added to the list of affected breeds.

Ivermectin is not approved to be used in this manner.  So your veterinarian should let you know this prior to getting your permission to utilize Ivermectin therapy in the treatment of scabies in dogs and cats.  You can retain some confidence to know that it is in common usage, and has been for a number of years, for the treatment of scabies in pets.  It simply has not been tested by the manufacturer and approved by the FDA to be used in this manner.  You are on your own, you and your veterinarian, in the decision-making arena regarding whether or not to use it to treat sarcoptic mites.   Your alternative is to use insecticide dips and sprays.  Additionally, if the wrong dosage is given, the pet can have a very serious and even fatal reaction to Ivermectin.   The correct dose MUST be given and great care taken not to give too much.

All pets in contact with an affected animal should be treated since there can be asymptomatic carriers (they have the disorder but aren’t showing any signs of disease) of the sarcoptic mites. Pfizer Animal Health has released a new product called Revolution that is approved for use on dogs for the elimination of Sarcoptic mites.  Be sure to ask your veterinarian about this.

There are a number of treatments available to eliminate Sarcoptic Mites from dogs and the veterinarian will decide which may be best for each individual case.  All dogs with scabies mites need to be on a high quality, meat-based diet... and many will benefit from supplements such as Vitamins and Fatty acids.  See PetFoodDirect.com for home delivery of skin specific supplements and Vitamins... plus an excellent breakdown of many pet diets and their ingredient lists.


If your dog is being treated over and over (unsuccessfully) for "allergies" with cortisone products and has never had Sarcoptic Mites actually ruled out as a possible cause of the skin condition, ask your veterinarian about the advisability of a trial treatment for scabies... just in case.

Click to enlarge the images below that show actual cases of sarcoptic mites
mites7small
Scabies on the elbow of a dog
mites6small
Same patient, more skin lesions

 
Click to enlarge the images below that show actual cases of sarcoptic mites
mites11small
mitesear1small
mitesear2small
mites10small
mites9small
Ear margins are common sites for sarcoptic mite infestation
Damaged pinna due to long term sarcoptic mite infestation
Notches seen in damaged pinna due to long term sarcoptic mite infestation
Elbow and lower front limb skin lesions
Another ear lesion

More photos of ear problems from Sarcoptic mites (scabies) in a dog...
mites1
mites2
Quite commonly the ear margins are the most notably affected places the sarcoptic mites choose to damage.  The ear tips and edges are very pruritic (itchy), develop crusts, dry out and bleed.  Fly bite lesions are often similar but the hallmark of scabies is itchiness. Scabies, though, may affect any area of the skin.

Many types of dermatological problems are avoided if the dog or cat is consuming an optimum diet.  In some cases, adding a supplement such as DermCaps, a popular Omega Fatty Acid supplement with a number of beneficial ingredients, is the key factor in avoiding repeated episodes of Hot Spots and other skin afflictions.  If your dog or cat seems to lack good coat and skin health, consider upgrading the diet to a meat-based ingredient formula and adding a supplement such as DermCaps.

reprinted with kind permission from Dr Dunn
http://www.thepetcenter.com

******************


Demodectic Mange

Becky Vaughan-Curran
Garwood Kennels
http://www.garwoodkennels.com

mange1garwood
Demodectic Mange on dog's foreleg

Canine Demodicosis is commonly known as Demodectic Mange which is caused by the Demodex Mite. The mite normally resides in the animals hair follicles in small numbers. There are two types of Demodectic; Localized Demodicosis usually occurs in 3 to 10 month old puppies. It consists of small patches in which well defined scaly areas of hair loss occur around the dog's lips, eyes, and/or forelegs. The second type, Generalized or Pustular Demodectic is more severe and extremely difficult to cure or control. Small patches appear, in which well defined scaly areas of hair loss spread rapidly over large areas of the body. This is accompanied by extreme itching, edema, and bleeding followed by invasion of bacterial infection. Generalized Demodicosis is caused by a hereditary genetic defect in which the 'T'-cell that normally controls the mite is weakened or nonexistent, allowing the mite to multiply in large numbers.

Demodex Mite  
The mites usually spend their entire life on a dog. The female mite burrows into the skin and lays eggs severalmange2garwood times as she continues burrowing. These tunnels can actually reach the length of several centimeters. After she deposits the eggs, the female mite dies. In 3-8 days the eggs hatch into larvae which have 6 legs. The larvae mature into nymphs which have 8 legs. The nymph then molts into an adult while it is still in the burrow. The adults mate, and the process continues. The entire life cycle requires 2-3 weeks. The mites prefer to live on the dog but will live for several days off of the host in the environment. In cool moist environments they can live for up to 22 days. At normal room temperature in a home they will live from 2 to 6 days. Because of the mite's ability to survive off the host, dogs can become infected without ever coming into direct contact with an infected dog.


reprinted with kind permision from Becky Vaughan-Curran
Garwood Kennels, Garwood Web Design, CKC member, AWCA member
www.garwoodkennels.com

************************


Mange Mite infections in the Dog


chloebutton  talabutton  

The above information is simply informational. It's intent is not to replace the advice of a veterinarian nor to assist you in making a diagnosis of your pet. Please consult with your own veterinarian for confirmation of any diagnosis. Your pets life may depend on it.