paraphimosis/phimosis

Paraphimosis and Phimosis

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Paraphimosis and phimosis are abnormalities that occur involving the penis and its ability to retract or extrude from the prepuce. Paraphimosis refers to the presence of an engorged (distended) penis that cannot be retracted into it's normal position because of constriction of the preputial orifice. Phimosis in constriction of the orifice of the prepuce so that it cannot be drawn back over the glans. The causes of each are different.


A Normal Canine Penis	Examination of Normal Canine Penis

Causes of Paraphimosis
Usually associated with erection or copulation (the mating process). Hair surrounds the preputial orifice and can become entangled around the base of the penis, forming a restrictive band, which then prevents retraction of the penis.

A stenotic or narrowed preputial opening

Acquired secondary to injury, penis fracture, a foreign body (i.e.rubber band), persistent abnormal erection (priapism), neoplasia (cancer), and inflammation of the penis and prepuce (chronic balanoposthitis).

Causes of Phimosis
Congenital preputial stenosis in the dog. It is possibly genetic in the German shepherd and golden retriever.

Secondary to inflammation, edema (accumulation of fluid within the penis), neoplasia (cancer), or scar tissue.

Persistent penile/preputial frenulum (thin band of tissue joining the penis and prepuce).

What to Watch For
Unsuccessful attempts to copulate

Inability to urinate with pooling of urine in the preputial cavity

Dribbling urine

Excessive licking of an exteriorized penis

Necrosis/trauma of the penis and obstruction of urine flow

Diagnosis
Examination of the penis and prepuce

A flaccid (soft) penis that cannot be extruded from the prepuce

Treatment
Paraphimosis
Requires immediate treatment. Sedation is sometimes required to provide therapy.

The penis is examined and any restricting hairs are removed. Swelling is minimized with cool water soaks and or “dextrose” solutions. The penis is cleaned and lubricated and replaced in the prepuce. The goal is replacement of the penis to normal position.

A urinary catheter may be necessary to ensure the passage of urine.

Amputation may be required in certain cases.

Phimosis
Surgical enlargement of the preputial orifice, or removal of the penile frenulum.

Home Care and Prevention
Maintain any recommended therapy by your veterinarian.

Precautions taken prior to and following coitus can help prevent paraphimosis.

Hairs around the preputial orifice should be clipped prior to breeding.

After coitus the penis and prepuce should be inspected frequently until the penis has completely retracted into the prepuce.

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Paraphimosis

A constriction preventing the penis from being withdrawn into the prepuce. This is not uncommon in the dog and is serious, for gangrene may occur unless relief is afforded. As a first aid measure swab the penis with ice cold water. Surgical interference under anaesthesia may be necessary. The use of hyaluronidase in normal saline by injection has been recommended.
Blacks Veterinary Dictionary

Phimosis

A Narrowing of the orifice of the prepuce, preventing the normal protrusion of the prepuce. Congenital Phimosis is occasionally seen in dogs, cats and horses. It must be surgically corrected.
Blacks Veterinary Dictionary

Paraphimosis

Phimosis

The above information is simply informational. It's intent is not to replace the advice of a veterinarian nor to assist you in making a diagnosis of your pet. Please consult with your own veterinarian for confirmation of any diagnosis. Your pets life may depend on it.