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               Canine Pyometra               

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Pyometra is an infection (an accumulation of pus) in the uterus or womb caused by hormonal and structural changes in the uterus lining.   After a bitch is on heat or in season (oestrus), progesterone levels stay high for 8-10 weeks, thickening the lining of the uterus in preparation for pregnancy. If pregnancy does not occur for several oestrus cycles, the lining continues to thicken and cysts form in it. The thickened, cystic lining secretes fluid creating an ideal environment for bacterial growth. High progesterone levels also inhibit contraction of uterine muscles preventing expulsion of the fluid.  Affected females can also have a high white blood cell count and serum globulin level. Toxins reduce the ability of the kidneys to concentrate the urine.  It can happen to an unspayed bitch at any age and can be fatal.  Drugs containing progesterone and/or oestrogen also predispose bitches to pyometra.

Pyometra occurs about 1-2 months after oestrus and is most common in older bitches after many years of oestrus cycles without pregnancy.  Occasionally younger bitches are affected. 

The cervix is the gateway to the uterus. It remains tightly closed except during oestrus. When the cervix is open during oestrus vaginal bacteria can enter the uterus easily. If the uterus is normal, bacteria won’t survive.  However, when the uterine wall is thickened and weak, conditions are perfect for bacterial growth.  If the cervix is open pus drains from the vagina and can be seen on the skin or hair under the tail or on bedding and furniture.  If the cervix is closed, the trapped pus distends the uterus and abdomen.  The bacteria in the pus release poisons into the circulation and the bitch will decline food, vomit or pass diarrhoea, drink a lot of water and become very depressed

Pyometra is an emergency. Surgery to remove the uterus and ovaries ensures complete recovery. If not treated toxins cause major organ damage. If the cervix is closed the uterus may rupture and spill into the abdominal cavity. Either of these is rapidly fatal.  Intravenous fluids and antibiotics before and after surgery reverse the toxicity and control residual infection.


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The above information is simply informational. It's intent is not to replace the advice of a veterinarian nor to assist you in making a diagnosis of your pet. Please consult with your own veterinarian for confirmation of any diagnosis. Your pets life may depend on it.