Rhinitis is the term applied
to an infection or inflammation of the nose. If the sinuses are also
involved, it is called sinusitis. There are many bacteria, fungi, and
viruses capable of infecting the noses of dogs. These infections behave
very similarly to common colds in people. Bacteria such as
Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, as well as viruses such as
parainfluenza, adenovirus, canine distemper, and herpes are common
nasal invaders and will cause cold-like symptoms.
What are the symptoms?
The symptoms depend somewhat on the type of infection causing the
disorder. In general, one may notice excessive nasal discharge,
occasionally becoming a thick yellow or greenish-colored mucous. The
dog may sneeze frequently, trying to clear the nasal passages of
mucous. In advanced cases, the mucous may become bloody. The dog's
sense of smell is usually impaired, which may affect his appetite.
Despite common belief, nose temperature is not a good indicator of
being sick or healthy. Normal dogs may have hot, cold, dry, or wet
noses. Body temperature
is, however, an important indicator. A dog with severe rhinitis may
have
an elevated body temperature. If this is the case, the dog generally
becomes
lethargic and has a poor appetite.
What are the risks?
The risks again depend on the exact organism(s) involved. Most cases
remain confined to the nose and sinuses. In these instances, the risks
are minimal. If, however, the infection(s) spreads to the more delicate
regions of the respiratory system such as the trachea, bronchi, or
lungs, then the dog may be affected more severely. In addition, if the
nasal discharge is one of many
symptoms such as seen in canine distemper and hepatitis, the condition
is
extremely serious.
What is the management?
Any dog suffering from a nasal infection should rest. In addition, the
dog should be isolated from other pets, so as to minimize the probable
spread of contagious diseases. If the symptoms persist, the dog has a
fever, or the
rhinitis is accompanied by other symptoms, have your dog seen by a
veterinarian.
In chronic cases needing treatment, a veterinarian will usually perform
a culture of the nasal mucous. This aids in identifying which
organism(s)
is responsible for the infection. Once this is performed, appropriate
medications are selected. Antihistamines such as Benadryl are
occasionally used to help dry and open the airways. Antibiotics such as
amoxicillin, Tribrissen, and Keflex are commonly used against bacterial
infections. Vaporizers, like those used for humans are also beneficial.
Place the pet in a wire crate in a small area such as a bathroom, and
vaporize the air. The moist air makes breathing easier, just as in
humans.
The above information is simply informational. It's intent is
not to replace the advice of a veterinarian nor to assist you in making
a diagnosis of your pet. Please consult with your own veterinarian for
confirmation of any diagnosis. Your pets life may depend on it.
