Malocclusion
results when the upper teeth do not align properly with the lower
teeth. Normally the teeth interact in a manner that allows powerful
chewing and tearing of food. If the teeth do not align in the correct
fashion, this is generally the result of either abnormal jaw growth or
misalignment of the teeth themselves. What are the
symptoms?
Malocclusions
can sometimes only be seen on close examination. Chewing abnormalities
such as food falling from the mouth may be a symptom. The majority of
malocclusion cases seen at our hospitals result from abnormal length of
the jaws. If the lower jaw protrudes too far beyond the upper, the
animal is said to be undershot. This is sometimes referred to as a
'salmon jaw.' Conversely, if the lower jaw bones are too short, the
animal is said to be overshot. This is occasionally referred to as
'parrot mouth.'
What
are the risks? Normally, slight
malocclusion presents no great risk to the patient, however, the intake
of food and chewing may be somewhat hindered. Most patients are still
able to chew quite well. Tartar and plaque will build up excessively on
teeth if abnormal wearing surfaces are created. Tooth wear can also be
excessive if two teeth constantly grind on each other. Patients with
severely undershot (parrot mouth) jaws may have difficulty picking up
food so large chunks are ingested more often than smaller ones. In some
cases of tooth misalignment, the lower canine teeth may hit the roof of
the mouth causing injury and pain.
What
is the management? Most patients
require no treatment to correct the malocclusion. If teeth wear
excessively from abnormal grinding, extractions may be necessary. Teeth
should be routinely brushed and cleaned to prevent the abnormal
build-up of tartar and plaque. Veterinary dental specialists can be
consulted if an owner desires to alter the malocclusion. In some
instances, 'braces' can be put on the puppy to realign the teeth
correctly. It is wise not to breed pets with malformed jaws as there is
a hereditary link in many affected patients.
reprinted with kind
permission from Josie Pitterle Article Reprint Coordinator
